Morphological Characterization of Human Lung Cancer Organoids Cultured in Type I Collagen Hydrogels: A Histological Approach.

The malignity of lung cancer is conditioned by the tumor microenvironment (TME), in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are relevant. In this work, we generated organoids by combining A549 cells with CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NF) isolated from adenocarcinoma tumors. We optimized the conditions for their manufacture in a short time. We evaluated the morphology of organoids using confocal microscopy analysis of F-actin, vimentin and pankeratin. We determined the ultrastructure of the cells in the organoids via transmission electron microscopy and the expression of CDH1, CDH2 and VIM via RT-PCR. The addition of stromal cells induces the self-organization of the organoids, which acquired a bowl morphology, as well as their growth and the generation of cell processes. They also influenced the expression of genes related to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). CAFs potentiated these changes. All cells acquired a characteristic secretory phenotype, with cohesive cells appearing inside the organoids. In the periphery, many cells acquired a migratory phenotype, especially in organoids that incorporated CAFs. The deposit of abundant extracellular matrix could also be observed. The results presented here reinforce the role of CAFs in the progression of lung tumors and could lay the foundation for a useful in vitro pharmacological model.

Daily and weekly external loads in the microcycle: Characterization and comparison between playing positions on amateur soccer.

Ensuring adequate levels of training and recovery to maximize player performance is critical; however, there are methodological challenges in designing a periodized training program for soccer teams. This study aims to describe and characterize the daily and weekly external load in an amateur soccer team and based on the weighting factors determined by the match reference, compare the external loads between playing positions. Twenty-four amateur soccer players (22.3 ± 1.7 years) were monitored using a global positioning system. Data collected comprises 19 competitive microcycles with a standard structure composed of 3 training sessions (matchday-5, matchday-3, and matchday-2) and one match. Match-reference values were calculated as the mean of the five best values recorded during official matches. The results show, on matchday-5 session, the existence of significant differences between playing positions to relative total distance covered (p = 0.050), relative sprint distance (p = 0.001), relative moderate-intensity accelerations (p < 0.001), relative high-intensity accelerations (p = 0.003), relative moderate-intensity decelerations (p < 0.001), and relative high-intensity decelerations (p = 0.017). On matchday-3 session, there are significant differences to relative very high-speed running distance (p = 0.017) and relative moderate-intensity decelerations (p = 0.014). On matchday-2 session, there are significant differences to relative high-speed running distance (p = 0.025), relative very high-speed running distance (p = 0.008), and relative moderate-intensity decelerations (p < 0.001). Weekly significant differences are observed between the playing positions to relative moderate-intensity accelerations (p = 0.002), relative high-intensity accelerations (p < 0.001), and relative moderate-intensity decelerations (p < 0.001). The weekly load is characterized by a greater weighting on accelerations and decelerations, compared to distances at very-high speed and sprint. The training loads must respect a standard training model that contemplates the individualization of the physical demands of the match, for each playing position, as for each individual.

External Match Load in Amateur Soccer: The Influence of Match Location and Championship Phase.

Assessment of the physical dimension implicit in the soccer match is crucial for the improvement and individualization of training load management. This study aims to: (a) describe the external match load at the amateur level, (b) analyze the differences between playing positions, (c) verify whether the home/away matches and if (d) the phase (first or second) of the championship influence the external load. Twenty amateur soccer players (21.5 ± 1.9 years) were monitored using the global positioning system. The external load was assessed in 23 matches, where 13 were part of the first phase of the competition (seven home and six away matches) and the other 10 matches belonged to the second (and final) phase of the championship (five home and five away matches). A total of 173 individual match observations were analyzed. The results showed significant differences between playing positions for all the external load measures (p < 0.001). There were higher values observed in the total distance covered for central defenders (p = 0.037; ES = 0.70) and in high-intensity decelerations for forwards (p = 0.022; ES = 1.77) in home matches than in away matches. There were higher values observed in the total distance (p = 0.026; ES = 0.76), relative distance (p = 0.016; ES = 0.85), and moderate-intensity accelerations (p = 0.008; ES = 0.93) for central defenders, in very high-speed running distance for forwards (p = 0.011; ES = 1.97), and in high-intensity accelerations (p = 0.036; ES = 0.89) and moderate-intensity decelerations (p = 0.006; ES = 1.11) for wide midfielders in the first phase than in the second phase of the championship. Match location and championship phase do not appear to be major contributing factors to influence the external load while the playing position should be used as the major reference for planning the external training load.

Load Measures in Training/Match Monitoring in Soccer: A Systematic Review.

In soccer, the assessment of the load imposed by training and a match is recognized as a fundamental task at any competitive level. The objective of this study is to carry out a systematic review on internal and external load monitoring during training and/or a match, identifying the measures used. In addition, we wish to make recommendations that make it possible to standardize the classification and use of the different measures. The systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted through the electronic database Web of Science, using the keywords "soccer" and "football", each one with the terms "internal load", "external load", and "workload". Of the 1223 studies initially identified, 82 were thoroughly analyzed and are part of this systematic review. Of these, 25 articles only report internal load data, 20 report only external load data, and 37 studies report both internal and external load measures. There is a huge number of load measures, which requires that soccer coaches select and focus their attention on the most useful and specific measures. Standardizing the classification of the different measures is vital in the organization of this task, as well as when it is intended to compare the results obtained in different investigations.

Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial, sobrepeso y obesidad en poblaciones urbanas el estado de Sinaloa, México / Prevalence of arterial hypertension, overweight and obesity in urban populations of Sinaloa, Mexico

Determinar prevalencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica (HAS) y obesidad, en cuatro ciudades del estado de Sinaloa, México. El estudio incluyó 1,630 sujetos a quienes se les exploraron variables demográficas universales, de índole antropométrico constituidas por: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC) perímetro cintura (PC), así como presión arterial sistólica y diastólica por medio de esfigmómetro aneroide, y cálculo de la presión de pulso (PP). De las 1,630 personas estudiadas, 1,047 correspondieron al sexo femenino con edad promedio de 48.9 ± 14.19 años, y 583 fueron hombres con edad promedio de 53.8 ± 14.12 años. La prevalencia de HAS en las cuatro ciudades contempladas fue de 37.5%, siendo la Ciudad de Los Mochis donde se observó la mayor prevalencia (39%) en ambos sexos; la correspondiente de obesidad se observó en 27.3% mientras que en 45% se identificó sobrepeso. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de HAS encontrada es más alta que el promedio nacional; lo mismo se observó en las condiciones de sobrepeso y obesidad. Ambas circunstancias se distribuyeron mayoritariamente en sujetos del sexo masculino.

To determinate the high blood pressure prevalence (HBP) and obesity in four cities of Sinaloa, Mexico. This trial included 1,630 people who were explored on demographics and anthropometrics variables such as: weight, height , body mass index (BMI), waist perimeter (WP), as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure by aneroid sphygmomanometer , and pulse pressure (PP) was calculated. Of 1,630 people on study, 1,047 corresponded to female gender with an age average of 48.9 ± 14.1 years and, 583 were male patients with an age average of 53.8 ± 14.1 years. The prevalence of HBP contemplated in the four cities was of 37.5%. Los Mochis city observed the highest HBP prevalence ( 39%) in both genders. The obesity was 27.3%, while the overweight was of 45%. Conclusions: The prevalence of HBP observed was higher than the national mean, these findings are observed in overweight and obesity. Both circumstances were primarily distributed in males.

Bronquial solución: estudio de la variable tiempo de llenado en la validación del nuevo proceso de fabricación / Bronchial solution: study of the variable time of filling in the validation of the new manufacturing process

Antecedentes y Objetivos: En la validación del nuevo proceso del Bronquial Solución, una de las variables que a priori se observó en la validación como crítica, fue el rango de tiempo durante el cual puede ser necesario llevar a cabo la fase de llenado en el envase final del elaborado. Se estudia el efecto de la variable tiempo de llenado en la elaboración del Bronquial Solución con el objeto de determinar la necesidad de mantener un control de proceso en el producto intermedio. Lugar de Realización: Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa (Madrid) Materiales y Métodos: Se estudian 10 lotes del elaborado, a tres tiempos inicial, medio y final. Las muestras se analizan, por cromatografía líquida de alta presión. De los componentes de la fórmula se cuantifican los principios activos Efedrina, Codeína, Difenhidramina y Bromhexina y de los excipientes, Nipagin, Nipasol y Sacarina. Se realiza el análisis de variancia y la prueba Fisher con la corrección de Bonferroni. Resultados: De los resultados obtenidos en los cromatogramas se verifica el supuesto de normalidad (p>0,05) y de homogeneidad de variancia (p>0,05). El análisis de variancia (p>0,05) y las comparaciones múltiples de los siete parámetros estudiados entre los tiempos inicial, medio y final nos muestran que no existe ninguna diferencia significativa. Conclusiones: El tiempo de llenado no afecta a las especificaciones establecidas para el elaborado Bronquial Solución, por lo que se justifica la ausencia de realización del control intermedio rutinario en proceso

Objectives and precedings: In the validation ofthe Bronchial Solution new process, one ofthe variables previously observed as critical, in such validation, was the time rank in which the filling of the finally prepared bottle may be necessary. We study the effect of the time of filling variable, in the Bonchial Solution preparing, to determine the needing of an intermedial control desing for the product processing. Carryng out place: Centro Militar de Farmacia de la Defensa (Madrid). Methods: 10 product sets are studied, in three moments; inicial intermedial and final. The samples were analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography. From the formula compounds were quantified the active principIes Efedrin, Codein, Diphenhydramin and Bromhexin, as much as the excipients Nipagin, Nipasol and Saccharin. An analysis of the variance was done, and the Fischer test with the Bonferroni 's correction too. Results: the results obtained from chromatograms expressed the supposed normal (p>0.05) and homogeneous (p>0.05) variance. The analysis ofthe variance (p>0.05) and the multiple test comparing of the seven studied parameters, referred to the initial, intermedial and final times, don't show us any significative differenceo Conclusions: time of filling does not make any influence over the stablished norms for the Bronchial Solution product, and it justifies the absence of a routine intermedial control of the process